2016論壇/校園瑜珈，和平教育

瑜伽有助於精神的和平與幸福

作者：教範師Shubhacetanananda Avadhuta

Yoga originated thousands of years ago in India and developed by different Gurus, yoga masters and it spread all over the world. Yoga came from a Sanskrit word, which means to unite. The unification of unit consciousness with the Supreme Consciousness is yoga. For example, when one drop of water merges into the ocean of water it becomes one. Similarly, when one’s unite I merges with supreme I it becomes one.

瑜伽起源於數千年前的印度，由不同的上師和瑜伽大師所開發，至今已流傳世界各地。瑜伽原為梵文，意思是結合。個體意識與至上意識的結合便是瑜伽。例如，當一滴水融入海洋，兩者便合而為一。同樣的，當一個人的個體我和至上我的融合，就成一體。

Human beings have unlimited desires that can be achieved from unlimited objects. Supreme consciousness is unlimited and form of Ananda, bliss. By practicing yoga people can do their duties efficiently.

人類慾望無限，能透過無限客體完成。至上意識乃是無限，是阿南達或至上喜悅的一種型態。通過練習瑜伽，人可以有效地完成自己的職責。

There are several benefits of regular practice of yoga. It helps students to increase mental power for more effective study. It increases health, longevity and resistance to sickness. People can attain inner happiness and a stress-free environment through regular practice of yoga. People restore emotional harmony. Those students who practice yoga they tap into their inner mental potential for increased creativity, and a problem-solving capacity.

規律練習瑜伽有許多好處。它能幫助學生增進心智力以更有效學習。它能增進健康、長壽、抵抗疾病的能力。透過規律練習瑜伽，人們能獲得內在喜悅和沒有壓力的環境。人會讓情緒恢復和諧。練習瑜伽者，能運用自己內在的心智潛力，促進創造力和解決問題的能力。

There are several types of yoga, such as Jinana, Karma, Bhakti, Raja, Hatha, Rajadhiraja and Ashtanga. Ashtanga Yoga has eight limbs of yoga. The eight parts are, Yama, Niyama, Asanas, Pranayam, Prtyahar, Dharna, Dhyan and Samadhi. 瑜伽有許多派別，例如知識瑜伽、行動瑜伽、虔誠瑜伽、勝王瑜伽、哈達瑜伽、王者之王瑜伽、八肢瑜伽等。八肢瑜伽共以八個層面，分別是外在行為控制、內在行為控制、體位法、生命能控制、收攝、集中、禪定和三摩地。

As people think so they become. If people think to become doctors they become doctors. Yoga helps a person to realize who are they. People believe that Yoga means only asanas, physical positions or meditation. It is combination of everything. Reading spiritual books or scriptures, practicing asanas and service help people in meditation. Many researchers found that yoga is beneficial to cure many physical and mental diseases, such as, high blood pressure, diabetes, anxiety and depression.

人的想法造就他們的實相。如果人希望成為醫師，便會成為醫師。瑜伽幫助人領悟自己是誰。人們以為瑜伽就只是體位法，亦即身體的姿態或冥想。其實，瑜伽乃是一切的結合。閱讀靈性書籍或經典、練習體位法、社會服務等均有助於冥想。許多研究者發現，瑜伽有助於治療許多生理和心理疾病，例如高血壓、心臟病、焦慮和沮喪等。

1.What is the definition of Asanas?

According to Patanjali, “Sthirasukham A’sanam. Asanas are calm, quite and easy postures, which are practiced with proper breathing. While practicing asanas people enjoy physical comfort and mental composure. The routine practice of ásanas maintains the body healthy and cures several ailments. According to Yoga Psychology of Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, “Yoga positions control the glands, the glands control the secretion of hormones, and the secretion of hormones controls the propensities.” There are fifty main propensities of mind, such as anger, fear, hatred and shyness.

一、體位法的定義 Patanjali認為Sthirasukham A’sanam，亦即體位法為平和、安靜、輕鬆的姿態，搭配適當的呼吸來練習。練習體位法時，人們會享受到生理的舒適和心理的安定。規律練習體位法能保持身體健康並治療多種疾病。根據Shrii Shrii Anandamurti所著的《瑜伽心理學》：「瑜伽姿勢控制腺體，腺體控制賀爾蒙分泌，賀爾蒙分泌控制心理傾向。」人類主要的心理傾向共有五十種，例如憤怒、恐懼、憎惡、害羞等。

2.How many types of asanas are there?

Svasthyasana and dhyanasan are the two types of asanas. The first one is good for body and the second one is good for mind.

二、體位法共有多少種？ 體位法主要分為兩類：Svasthyasana和dhyanasan，前者有益於身體，後者有益於心靈。

3.Why people should practice yoga asanas?

People should practice asanas to increase flexibility of the body. It balances hormonal secretions to control the vrttis, propensities of mind. It also helps to balance body and mind. Asanas prepares the mind for higher sadhana, meditation.

三、人們為何應該練習瑜伽體位法？ 人們應該練習瑜伽體位法以增進身體彈性，平衡賀爾蒙分泌以控制心理傾向。體位法亦有助於平衡身體與心靈。體位法能幫助心理準備進行更高階的靈性修持或冥想。

4.How asanas are named?

Yogis saw the movements and charactersitics of animals and named after those animals. For example, Bhujangasana (snake posture), Matsyamudra (fish posture) and Mayurasana (peacock posture).

Some asanas are named after yogi, such as Matsyendrasana was invented by Matsyendranath. Sarvangasana, shoulder stand is named because of its quality.

四、體位法如何命名？ 瑜伽士觀察動物的運動和特徵，並根據這些動物命名，例如蛇式、魚式、孔雀式等。 某些體位法是以發明者命名，例如Matsyendrasana乃是由Matsyendranath發明。此外，肩立式乃是根據其姿態特性來命名。

5.What is pratyáhára?

Withdrawing mind from external objectivities and directing it toward supreme consciousness is called Pratyahar.

五、何謂收攝？ 將心靈由外在客體性回收，並導向至上意識，此即為收攝。

6.What is Pranayama?

Pranayama is breath control. The controller of sensory organs and motor organs are mind and the controller of mind is air. Pranayama helps in meditation and concentration.

六、何謂生命能控制？ 生命能控制即是控制呼吸。感覺器官和行動器官的控制者是心靈，心靈的控制者則是呼吸。生命能控制有助於冥想和專注。

Dharana is concentrating one’s mind on a particular region and taking the ideation of supreme consciousness. Chakra Shodhana helps to purify chakras. Dhyana is constant flow of mind towards the supreme goal. Merging unit consciousness with supreme consciousness is Samadhi.

集中意指將人的心專注於特定區域並觀想至上意識。脈輪淨化有助於淨化脈輪。禪定乃是心靈持續流向至上目標。個體意識與至上意識的融合即為三摩地。

Yoga is a scientific technic to get inner peace and happiness. Yoga controls anger, fear, hatred and other emotions. It helps to concentrate mind and study well.

瑜伽乃是一科學的技術，讓人獲得內在平靜和快樂。瑜伽能控制憤怒、恐懼、憎惡和其他情緒，幫助人專注心靈並獲得良好學習成效。

It is said, “If wealth is lost nothing is lost, health is lost something is lost and character is lost everything is lost. People should try to be healthy, happy and wise person to serve society. Yogis believe in universalism. People should always try to be good and do good to others. People should see the bright side of everything. Yoga will help to bring happiness and peace in the world. A peaceful and happy person can give happiness and peacefulness to other people in the world. By learning and practicing yoga from an Acharya, trained yoga spiritual teacher.

俗話說：「失去財富不算損失，失去健康有點損失，失去人格則什麼都沒了。」人們應該時時致力於成為健康、快樂、有智慧的人，要善待他人。人們應該看一切的光明面。瑜伽有助於為世界帶來快樂與和平。一個平靜和快樂的人能為世上的其他人帶來快樂與和平。請向受訓合格的瑜伽教範師學習並實踐瑜伽。

Ananda Marga Acaryas, spiritual teachers teach Rajadhiraja Yoga, the eight limbs of yoga. People can visit www.rajadhirajayoga.org to know about yoga classes.

阿南達瑪迦的教範師為教授王者之王瑜伽和八肢瑜伽的靈性教師。關於瑜伽課程資訊參見網站：www.rajadhirajayoga.org 。